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🎱 Module 04: OOP Concepts

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code into "objects" that contain data and behavior. This module covers the core pillars of OOP and advanced design principles.

📂 Topics Covered

  1. Classes and Objects
  2. The blueprint (Class) and the instance (Object).

  3. Attributes (__init__) and Methods.

  4. Encapsulation

  5. Hiding internal state.
  6. Public, Protected (_), and Private (__) members.

  7. Getters, Setters, and Property Decorators.

  8. Inheritance

  9. Creating hierarchies (Parent -> Child).

  10. super() and method overriding.

  11. Polymorphism

  12. "Many forms".
  13. Duck Typing.

  14. Operator Overloading (Magic Methods).

  15. Abstraction

  16. Hiding implementation details.

  17. Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) and Interfaces.

  18. Composition vs Inheritance

  19. "Has-A" vs "Is-A" relationships.

  20. Why you should favor composition.

  21. SOLID Principles

  22. Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
  23. Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
  24. Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
  25. Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
  26. Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)

🧠 Prerequisites

  • Module 01 (Foundations)
  • Module 02 (Data Structures)

🚀 Learning Goals

By the end of this module, you should be able to: - Design classes that model real-world entities. - Protect your data using encapsulation. - Reuse code effectively using inheritance and composition. - Write flexible code using polymorphism and abstraction. - Apply industry-standard design principles (SOLID).